Abby Epplett, Historian

For the 250 th anniversary of the United States, I took a three-day patriotic trip to the Thames River National Heritage Park in Groton and New London, CT. After a morning touring Fort Griswold Battlefield State Park, which included its monument, museum , and the interior of the fort , followed by an early afternoon boat tour , I was able to explore the beautiful yellow Victorian that I had spotted at several points during the trip so far. Avery-Copp House is an independently managed museum from a very different historical period than my other stops in Groton. In the first part , I described the history of the house. In this second part, I will describe the artifacts and technology found in the building, along with how to visit.

The release of “Chapter 2: The Shadow of the Past” is less than a month away! This is the penultimate essay I share the animations on October 18. This week, I will describe the music theory and motifs behind the instrumental of “Scene 16: To Destroy the Ring”. Next week, or October 4, I will produce a similar essay on “Scene 17: Frodo Decides; Sam Is Caught”. Then, I will take October 5 through 18 to complete the animation process for the chapter. This year of production has gone much more smoothly than the previous chapter, and I am hopeful that “Chapter 3: Three Is Company” will come out much more quickly than its predecessors. Your thoughts and prayers are appreciated. On to the analysis.

For the 250 th anniversary of the United States, I took a three-day patriotic trip to the Thames River National Heritage Park in Groton and New London, CT. After a morning touring Fort Griswold Battlefield State Park, which included its monument, museum , and the interior of the fort , followed by an early afternoon boat tour , I was able to explore the beautiful yellow Victorian that I had spotted at several points during the trip so far. Avery-Copp House is an independently managed museum from a very different historical period than my other stops in Groton. Due to the high number of lovingly preserved artifacts in the house, I will be describing my tour in two parts. The first will describe the history of the house, and the second will describe its artifacts and decor.

For the 250 th anniversary of the United States, I took a three-day patriotic trip to the Thames River National Heritage Park in Groton and New London, CT. After a morning touring Fort Griswold Battlefield State Park, which included its monument, museum , and the interior of the fort , I took the Road to Revolution Boat Tour , a narrated cruise along the Thames River. On this tightly scripted tour, I learned more about the Fort Griswold, life in colonial Connecticut, and other places to visit in the area. I even got to see an Acela train flying past, the same transportation I took during my trip to Washington, D.C. last year.

During his conversation with Frodo during “Chapter 2, The Shadow of the Past”, Gandalf mentioned that the fire of dragons was never hot enough to destroy the One Ring. Only the fire where the Ring was created could melt it down. Folklore throughout the Real World has featured dragons and volcanoes, ranging from cute beasts and fiery love stories to dangerous evildoers and insulted saints. In this essay, I cover the full range of legends and include a note about how modern scientists have discovered the benefits behind the destruction.

For the 250 th anniversary of the United States, I took a three-day patriotic trip to the Thames River National Heritage Park in Groton and New London, CT. For the next few weeks, I will cover the historical sites in that area, starting with two parts on Fort Griswold Battlefield State Park . In the first part , I covered the Groton Monument, the Monument House Museum, and other historical sites around the park. In the second part, I will cover the inside of Fort Griswold and Ebenezer Avery House, along with a more detailed story about the battle for which it is known.

In this section, Gandalf describes Gollum’s trip to Mordor, his torture at the hands of Sauron, and his current position in the dungeons of Mirkwood. Frodo is appalled by this story and unsympathetic of Gollum, remarking, “He deserves death”. His convictions are not unlike those held by others throughout history and in the present day. The death penalty, also known as capital punishment, has been a subject of debate since earliest recorded history. In this essay, I briefly look at how religion shapes these beliefs, its usage in medieval and early modern Europe, and current global laws. I also describe the music theory for the instrumental.

For the 250 th anniversary of the United States, I took a three-day patriotic trip to the Thames River National Heritage Park in Groton and New London, CT. For the next few weeks, I will cover the historical sites in that area, starting with two parts on Fort Griswold Battlefield State Park . In the first part, I will cover the Groton Monument, the Monument House Museum, and other historical sites around the park. In the second part, I will cover the inside of Fort Griswold and Ebenezer Avery House, along with a more detailed story about the battle for which it is known.

I recently took the free, asynchronous online course Dutch Painting of the Golden Age hosted by OpenLearn of The Open University. This organization offers hundreds of free courses on a range of subjects, including “History & The Arts”. All courses come with a free statement of participation. This course took about four hours to complete and is considered Level 2: Intermediate in difficulty.

I recently stopped by the little town of Mendon, MA, called “Mother Mendon” by local historians since it was the first incorporated town in the region. Settled in 1660 and incorporated 1667 years later in 1667, Mendon predates the founding of the United States by over a hundred years. The “children” incorporated from Mendon include Bellingham in 1719, Uxbridge in 1727, Upton in 1729, Milford in 1780, Blackstone in 1845. The “grandchildren” are Northbridge from Uxbridge in 1772, Hopedale from Milford in 1886, and Millville from Blackstone in 1916. Today, the town is part of the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor . The Mendon Center Historic District has been on the National Register of Historic Places  since 2003.

Back in June, I visited the Cornet John Farnum House, a recently renovated historic home in Uxbridge, MA, during its open house. With its oldest beam dating from around 1715 and a recent restoration by the Uxbridge Historical Society, the house was a great opportunity to learn local history and see the interior of a building that I often went past but had not gone in for over two decades. The house has been on the National Register of Historic Places since 1980 .

I recently watched the movie Young Washington directed by Jon Erwin and distributed by Angel Studios. It is worth noting the context of this film upfront. Erwin is an American Christian film director who is part of the Erwin Brothers with his brother, Andrew. Angel Studios is a publicly traded film distributor based in Utah that allows paid members to vote on what films they will release. They were formerly the distributors of the popular series The Chosen , which follows the life of Jesus Christ. (I saw an exclusive film in that franchise while visiting the Museum of the Bible in Washington, DC .) While not as heavy-handed as A Great Awakening , a film about the friendship between George Whitefield and Benjamin Franklin which I reviewed several weeks ago , the beautifully shot movie does take liberties with historical events to support a specific point of view, not unlike most movies.

Before this essay, I did not know much about mountain men besides a handful of names: Aragorn, of course, local legend Grizzly Adams (whose grave I visited a few months ago) , Daniel Boone, and Davy Crockett. During my research, I learned the stories of these wanderers and considered how I might take inspiration from tales in the Real World combined with musical motifs to write the brief instrumental of this section.

I recently read the award-winning graphic novel Dragon Hoops written and illustrated Gene Luen Yang , colors by Lark Pien , published in 2020 by First Second . Part memoir and part history, Yang recorded his time as a teacher at prestigious Bishop O'Dowd High School Oakland , a private Catholic school in California known for its basketball teams. Yang followed the boys team en route to their first California State Championships victory, learning about the rules of the sport and its history along the way. The book reminded me of One Goal by Amy Bass , which covered a state champion soccer team from Maine, combined with what I had learned from the Basketball Hall of Fame earlier this year. As for awards, Dragon Hoops  was a 2021 Michael L. Printz Honor Book  and  2021 Eisner Award for Best Publication for Teens .

On the same day I visited Sutton Center and Manchaug , I finished up my adventure in Douglas, another former mill town in the Blackstone River Valley. I took so many pictures and saw so much history that I am dividing the quick history stops into two parts. In the first part , I visited two churches, a former general store turned historical society, a building with a really high curb, and a library. In the second part, I visited war memorials, a church, and several houses.

In this week’s essay, I introduce the next musical selection, which includes an instrumental and the song “The Wood Is Full of Rumour”. While not treated as a song in the original text, I wrote the piece by borrowing information provided by Gandalf to Frodo while he discussed the interaction of the Woodmen and Wood-elves who live in Mirkwood and could not catch a monstrous “ghost who drank blood” . I also drew inspiration from music of the Middle Ages, including the medieval method of creating harmony and the instruments that originally played this music.

On the same day I visited Sutton Center and Manchaug , I finished up my adventure in Douglas, another former mill town in the Blackstone River Valley. I took so many pictures and saw so much history that I am dividing the quick history stops into two parts. In this first part, I visited two churches, a former general store turned historical society, a building with a really high curb, and a library.

I recently read Feeding Ghosts: A Graphic Memoir written and illustrated by Tessa Hulls and published by Macmillan Publishers in 2024 . Hulls expertly crafted a cohesive four-hundred page work that follows three story lines: three generations of family trauma and mental illness, the history and linguistics of the Chinese diaspora, and the relationship between the author and her mother as they attempt to reconcile. I am not alone in admiring this book, as it was named one of the best books in its year by Time magazine , a 2025 Libby Award for Best Comic/Graphic Novel , and the 2025 Pulitzer Prize for Memoir or Autobiography to name only three of a multitude.

On the same day I visited Sutton Center Historic District, I drove down the road to Manchaug Village Historic District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2018. Part of the town of Sutton, MA, its time as a mill village lasted between 1826 and 1921, much like other village in the Blackstone River Valley. Besides a historic mill, cute post office, former mill store, beautiful mansion, and a unique church, Manchaug is home to Vaillancourt Folk Art , a rare chalkware shop where collectables are made onsite. Much of my research on this are came from the 1999 Sutton Comprehensive Survey Data Sheet , which you can access on Massachusetts Cultural Resource Information System (MCRIS).

This week, I take a deep dive into the folklore of man-eating beasts based on a line in “The Shadow of the Past” . Gandalf told Frodo of a rumor he heard from the Woodman: “some new terror abroad, a ghost that drank blood”, allegedly Gollum. To be clear, in the era before CCTV, nobody saw or recorded Gollum eating a baby animal or baby Woodman, and any statistician knows correlation does not equal causation. Neither the Woodmen nor the Wood-elves nor Gandalf would deliberately lie about a dangerous creature in Mirkwood . Something was certainly eating the contents of nests, holes, and cradles, but whether it was Gollum is not provable. The concept of a man-eating or blood-drinking creature is nearly universal folklore, from ghosts and vampires representing the undead remains of a restless human to human-like monsters stalking the borders of a community to hungry wolves terrorizing medieval villages. I take a look at each of these concepts, as the works of Tolkien drew...